![]() According to the AIM section 1-2-3, the primarily limitation of substituting GPS for another navigational facility is that "Pilots may not substitute for the navigation aid providing lateral guidance for the final approach segment. It can be used to perform holds, determine fixes, navigate to or from a station, or fly a DME arc. When flying IFR, in general, GPS (or a suitable RNAV system) can be used in lieu of a VOR, TACAN, DME, NDB, or compass locator. Most common among these are the Garmin 530 and 430, G1000, Garmin 480, and King KLN 94B, though there are many others. The GPS approach requires an IFR certified (TSO C129a) GPS receiver to fly. Here are a few examples (all of which will be out of date when you read this, so don't use them to fly an actual approach):Įxample (out of date!): GHM VOR/DME 2 (arc) There are a variety of the VOR approaches, including VOR/DME with and without a DME arc. VOR approaches can provide MDAs as low as 250 ft above the runway, and include a minimum of 300 ft of obstacle clearance in final app area. The minimum required navigational equipment is one VOR receiver, though some also require DME. VOR approaches are widely used non-precision approaches. At that point, a missed approach must be executed if the runway environment is not in view.Ī variety of non-precision approaches are enumerated below. ![]() It is not a decision height, so the pilot should level off and motor along at the MDA (and not a foot lower!) until reaching the Missed Approach Point. This typically leads to particular fixes on the approach at which the pilot must descend to an appropriate minimum altitude for that segment, levelling off until the next fix, and repeating until the pilot reaches the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA).Īnother primary difference is that the missed approach point is not necessarily the point at which the pilot reaches the MDA. Non-precision approaches differ from precision approaches in that only lateral guidance, not vertical guidance, is provided by the navigational signal upon which the approach is based.
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